Íàòàë³ÿ Áàðâ³íîê
Ìàòåð³àëè ̳æíàð. íàóê.-ïðàêò. êîíô.
«Óïðàâë³ííÿ ðîçâèòêîì ñôåðè ãîñòèííîñò³:
ðåã³îíàëüíèé àñïåêò» (ì. ×åðí³âö³, 5 òðàâíÿ 2022 ð.)
×åðí³âö³: Òåõíîäðóê, 2022. 352 ñ. Ñ.291-295.

Êîìïåòåíòí³ñòü ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ³íîçåìíèìè ìîâàìè ÿê êîìïîíåíò ïðîôåñ³éíèõ êîìïåòåíòíîñòåé ïåðñîíàëó ãàëóç³ òóðèçìó

Òóðèñòè÷íà ñôåðà â³äì³ííà â³ä ³íøèõ ñôåð òèì, ùî íàäຠñïîæèâà÷àì íå ìàòåð³àëüí³ áëàãà, à ïîñëóãè, ÿê³ âåëèêîþ ì³ðîþ çàëåæàòü â³ä âì³ííÿ ïåðñîíàëó ïðàöþâàòè ç³ ñïîæèâà÷àìè. Öå çóìîâëåíî ïîñò³éíèì òà áåçïîñåðåäí³ì êîíòàêòîì ïðàö³âíèê³â òóðèñòè÷íî¿ ñôåðè ç ê볺íòàìè íà áóäü-ÿêîìó åòàï³ íàäàííÿ òóðèñòè÷íèõ ïîñëóã.

Àíàë³ç åêîíîì³÷íèõ äîñë³äæåíü â îáëàñò³ òóðèñòè÷íîãî á³çíåñó ïîêàçàâ, ùî êîëè ìîâà éäå ïðî âäîñêîíàëåííÿ óïðàâë³ííÿ òóðèñòè÷íèì ï³äïðèºìñòâîì, òî îñîáëèâà óâàãà ïðèä³ëÿºòüñÿ ïèòàííÿì íàâêîëèøíüîãî ñåðåäîâèùà, ðèíêó, êîíêóðåíòàì, ê볺íòàì ³ òîìó ïîä³áíå, îäíàê ãîëîâí³ çóñèëëÿ óïðàâë³ííÿ â ³íäóñò𳿠òóðèçìó ïîâèíí³ áóòè ñïðÿìîâàí³ íà ¿¿ ïåðñîíàë [2].

Òóðèñòñüêà ãàëóçü íà ñüîãîäí³ íàéò³ñí³øå ïîâ’ÿçàíà ç âèõîäîì íà ì³æíàðîäíèé ðèíîê ïðàö³, ³ ¿¿ ôàõ³âö³ ïîâèíí³ â³äïîâ³äàòè ñâ³òîâèì ñòàíäàðòàì ïðîôåñ³éíî¿ ï³äãîòîâêè [4]. Òîìó, êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæí³ñòü òóðèñòè÷íèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ íà ñâ³òîâîìó ðèíêó âêðàé çàëåæàòü ñàìå â³ä êâàë³ô³êàö³¿ òà êîìïåòåíòíîñòåé ôàõ³âö³â, ÿê³ íàäàþòü ïîñëóãè ñïîæèâà÷àì òóðèñòè÷íî¿ ñôåðè.

Äëÿ óñï³øíîãî ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ òóðèñòè÷í³ ï³äïðèºìñòâà ïîòðåáóþòü âèñîêîêâàë³ô³êîâàíèõ, êîìïåòåíòíèõ ³ ëàá³ëüíèõ ôàõ³âö³â, ÿê³ ñïðîìîæí³ øâèäêî àäàïòóâàòèñÿ äî çì³í ó òóðèñòè÷í³é ãàëóç³ [3]. Òîìó ïåðåä çàêëàäàìè îñâ³òè, ÿê³ çàéìàþòüñÿ ï³äãîòîâêîþ êàäð³â äëÿ òóðèñòè÷íî¿ ñôåðè ïîñòຠçàâäàííÿ âèïóñêó âèñîêîêâàë³ô³êîâàíèõ òà êîìïåòåíòíèõ ôàõ³âö³â ó ñâî¿é ãàëóç³, ÿê³ áóäóòü êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæíèìè íå ëèøå íà âíóòð³øíüîìó, àëå ³ íà ñâ³òîâîìó ðèíêó ïðàö³.

Íàâè÷êè ôàõ³âö³â òóðèñòè÷íî¿ ñôåðè, ÿê³ ñüîãîäí³ âèçíà÷àþòüñÿ ÿê êðèòè÷íî âàæëèâ³ ôàêòîðè óñï³õó äëÿ ñï³âðîá³òíèê³â ï³äïðèºìñòâ, çàâäÿêè ÿêèì çàáåçïå÷óºòüñÿ ³ ï³äòðèìóºòüñÿ ¿õ êàð’ºðíå çðîñòàííÿ âêëþ÷àþòüñÿ â êëþ÷îâ³ êîìïåòåíòíîñò³. ªâðîïåéñüêèé ïàðëàìåíò ³ Ðàäà ªâðîïåéñüêîãî Ñîþçó 17 ñ³÷íÿ 2018 ðîêó ñõâàëèëè Ðàìêîâó ïðîãðàìó îíîâëåíèõ êëþ÷îâèõ êîìïåòåíòíîñòåé äëÿ íàâ÷àííÿ ïðîòÿãîì æèòòÿ, äå êîìïåòåíòíîñò³ âèçíà÷àþòüñÿ ÿê êîìá³íàö³ÿ çíàíü, íàâè÷îê òà ñòàâëåíü, à êëþ÷îâèìè êîìïåòåíòíîñòÿìè º ò³, ÿê³ íåîáõ³äí³ âñ³ì ëþäÿì äëÿ ï³äâèùåííÿ îñîáèñòîãî ïîòåíö³àëó ³ ðîçâèòêó, ðîçøèðåííÿ ìîæëèâîñòåé ïðàöåâëàøòóâàííÿ, ñîö³àëüíî¿ ³íòåãðàö³¿ òà àêòèâíîãî ãðîìàäÿíñòâà [1].

ªâðîïåéñüê³ åòàëîíí³ ðàìêè âèçíà÷àþòü â³ñ³ì îñíîâíèõ êîìïåòåíòíîñòåé, ÿê³ âèçíà÷àþòüñÿ ÿê êðèòè÷íî âàæëèâ³ ôàêòîðè óñï³õó äëÿ ñï³âðîá³òíèê³â ï³äïðèºìñòâ, çàâäÿêè ÿêèì çàáåçïå÷óºòüñÿ ³ ï³äòðèìóºòüñÿ ¿õ ïðîôåñ³éíà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü, êàð’ºðíå çðîñòàííÿ òà âèñîêà êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæí³ñòü íà ðèíêó ïðàö³ (ðèñ. 1).

Êëþ÷îâ³ êîìïåòåíòíîñò³ äëÿ íàâ÷àííÿ ïðîòÿãîì æèòòÿ
Ðèñ. 1. Êëþ÷îâ³ êîìïåòåíòíîñò³ äëÿ íàâ÷àííÿ ïðîòÿãîì æèòòÿ

Äæåðåëî: ñòâîðåíî àâòîðîì íà îñíîâ³ [1].

Äëÿ ï³äâèùåííÿ êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæíîñò³ òóðèñòè÷íîãî ï³äïðèºìñòâà íà ñâ³òîâîìó ðèíêó òóðèñòè÷íèõ ïîñëóã ïåðñîíàë ìຠâîëîä³òè ³íîçåìíèìè ìîâàìè íà äîñòàòíüî âèñîêîìó ð³âí³, òîáòî ìàòè ³íøîìîâíó êîìóí³êàòèâíó êîìïåòåíòí³ñòü (êîìïåòåíòí³ñòü ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ³íîçåìíèìè ìîâàìè), ÿêà âõîäèòü íå ëèøå äî êëþ÷îâèõ êîìïåòåíòíîñòåé äëÿ íàâ÷àííÿ âïðîäîâæ æèòòÿ, àëå ³ äî ïðîôåñ³éíèõ êîìïåòåíòíîñòåé ôàõ³âö³â òóðèñòè÷íî¿ ñôåðè. Òàêà êîìïåòåíòí³ñòü çàáåçïå÷óº ìîæëèâ³ñòü îáñëóãîâóâàííÿ ³íîçåìíèõ ñïîæèâà÷³â, ùî, â ñâîþ ÷åðãó, äîçâîëÿº ï³äïðèºìñòâó âèõîäèòè íà ð³âåíü ñâ³òîâîãî ðèíêó.

Ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ³íîçåìíèìè ìîâàìè, ùî ó ïëàí³ íàâè÷îê çàãàëîì ïîä³áíå íà ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ð³äíîþ ìîâîþ, ³ ´ðóíòóºòüñÿ íà âì³íí³ ðîçóì³òè, âèðàæàòè òà ïîÿñíþâàòè ïîíÿòòÿ, äóìêè, ïî÷óòòÿ, ôàêòè òà ïîãëÿäè ÿê ó óñí³é, òàê ³ â ïèñüìîâ³é ôîðì³ ó â³äïîâ³äíèõ ñîö³àëüíèõ òà êóëüòóðíèõ êîíòåêñòàõ â³äïîâ³äíî äî áàæàíü ÷è ïîòðåá îñîáè. Ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ³íîçåìíîþ ìîâîþ òàêîæ ïåðåäáà÷ຠòàê³ âì³ííÿ, ÿê ïîñåðåäíèöòâî òà âì³ííÿ ïîðîçóì³òèñü ó ì³æêóëüòóðíîìó ñåðåäîâèù³.

²íøîìîâíà êîìóí³êàòèâíà êîìïåòåíòí³ñòü âêëþ÷ຠøèðîêèé ñïåêòð êîìïåòåíö³é, ÿêèìè ìຠâîëîä³òè ôàõ³âåöü, çîêðåìà ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ç ê볺íòàìè òà äîñÿãíåííÿ äîìîâëåíîñò³ ç ïèòàíü æèòëà (ãîòåëüíèé á³çíåñ), õàð÷óâàííÿ (ðåñòîðàííèé á³çíåñ), ïîäîðîæ³ (òðàíñïîðò), ìåäè÷íîãî ñòðàõóâàííÿ òà áåçïåêè æèòòÿ, ô³íàíñîâèõ òà áàíê³âñüêèõ îïåðàö³é, â³äâ³äóâàííÿ âèçíà÷íèõ ì³ñöü òà ïàì'ÿòîê òîùî, âåäåííÿ íåîáõ³äíî¿ äîêóìåíòàö³¿, íàïèñàííÿ ëèñò³â, îïðàöþâàííÿ ñêàðã, âåäåííÿ òåëåôîííèõ ðîçìîâ, ïðîâåäåííÿ ïåðåãîâîð³â, çóñòð³÷åé, ïðåçåíòàö³é, ñêëàäàííÿ ðåêëàìíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â òà ³íøå [5].

Îòæå, êîìïåòåíòí³ñòü ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ³íîçåìíèìè ìîâàìè (³íøîìîâíà êîìóí³êàòèâíà êîìïåòåíòí³ñòü) º âàæëèâèì åëåìåíòîì ì³æ ïðîôåñ³éíèìè êîìïåòåíòíîñòÿìè ïåðñîíàëó â òóðèñòè÷í³é ³íäóñòð³¿, ÿêà çàáåçïå÷óº ìîæëèâ³ñòü ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ç ³íîçåìíèìè ê볺íòàìè. Ïåðñîíàë, ÿêèé âîëî䳺 ³íîçåìíèìè ìîâàìè ï³äâèùóº êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæí³ñòü ï³äïðèºìñòâà íå ëèøå íà ð³âí³ êðà¿íè, àëå ³ íà ñâ³òîâîìó ð³âí³, àäæå öå ñïðèÿº âèõîäó òóðèñòè÷íîãî ï³äïðèºìñòâà íà ñâ³òîâèé ðèíîê òóðèñòè÷íèõ ïîñëóã.

Ñïèñîê âèêîðèñòàíèõ äæåðåë

1. ANNEX to the Proposal for a Council Recommendation on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:395443f6-fb6d-11e7-b8f5-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PDF.
2. Á³ãäàí Ì.Ã., Êàðëèê Þ.Þ. Ïðÿìà çàëåæí³ñòü ÿêîñò³ òóðèñòè÷íèõ ïîñëóã â³ä åôåêòèâíîãî óïðàâë³ííÿ ïåðñîíàëîì // Åêîíîì³êà. Óïðàâë³ííÿ. ²ííîâàö³¿. 2012. ¹2(8). Ñ.178-182.
3. Êë³ìîâà À.Ì. Ïðîôåñ³éíà êîìïåòåíòí³ñòü ïåðñîíàëó ÿê ñêëàäîâà óñï³õó òóðèñòè÷íîãî ï³äïðèºìñòâà // Àãðîñâ³ò. 2020. ¹11. Ñ.115–120.
4. Êóõòà ². ²íøîìîâíà êîìóí³êàòèâíà êóëüòóðà ìàéáóòíüîãî ôàõ³âöÿ òóðèñòè÷íî¿ ñôåðè ó êîíòåêñò³ êîìïåòåíòí³ñíîãî ï³äõîäó // Íàóêîâèé â³ñíèê Óæãîðîäñüêîãî íàö³îíàëüíîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó. 2009. Âèï.16-17. Ñ.61-63.
5. Ìåäèíñüêà Ñ.². Ôîðìóâàííÿ ³íøîìîâíî¿ êîìïåòåíòíîñò³ ÿê êîìïîíåíòà ïðîôåñ³éíî¿ ï³äãîòîâêè ôàõ³âö³â ó ãàëóç³ òóðèçìó // ³ñíèê äí³ïðîïåòðîâñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó ³ìåí³ Àëüôðåäà Íîáåëÿ. 2016. ¹2(12). Ñ.233-237.

Nataliia Barvinok. Competence of Communication in Foreign Languages as a Component of Professional Competencies of Personnel in Tourism

To increase the competitiveness of a tourist enterprise in the global market of tourist services, staff must speak foreign languages at a sufficiently high level, ie have foreign language communication competence (competence in foreign languages), which is not only key competences for lifelong learning but also professional competences. tourist sphere. This competence provides the ability to serve foreign consumers, which, in turn, allows the company to reach the level of the world market.